Size guide
Check the size we recommend for your measurements
Upper part
- A Chest Measure around the narrowest part of your waist, keeping the tape horizontal
- B Waist Keeping both feet together, measure around the fullest part of your hips, keeping the tape horizontal
- C Hip Measure from the crotch to the bottom of the leg
| Talla | Pecho (A) | Cintura (B) | Cadera (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| S | 87 - 94 | 75 - 82 | 86 - 93 |
| M | 95 - 101 | 83 - 90 | 94 - 100 |
| L | 102 - 108 | 91 - 97 | 101 - 108 |
| XL | 109 - 114 | 98 - 103 | 109 - 113 |
| XXL-3XL | 115 - 143 | 104 - 134 | 114 - 138 |
| Nota: medidas en centímetros (cm) | |||
| Talla | Pecho (A) | Cintura (B) | Cadera (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| S | 34 - 37 | 29 - 32 | 34 - 37 |
| M | 37.5 - 40 | 32.5 - 35 | 37.5 - 40 |
| L | 40.5 - 43 | 35.5 - 38 | 40.5 - 43 |
| XL | 43.5 - 45 | 38.5 - 41 | 43.5 - 45 |
| XXL-3XL | 45.5 - 56 | 41.5 - 53 | 45.5 - 54 |
| Nota: medidas en pulgadas (in) | |||
Bottom
- A Waist Measure around the narrowest part of your waist, keeping the tape horizontal.
- B Hip Keeping both feet together, measure around the fullest part of your hips, keeping the tape horizontal.
- C leg kick Measure from the crotch to the bottom of the leg.
| Talla | Cintura (A) | Cadera (B) | Tiro (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 68 - 74 | 80 - 85 | 81 |
| S | 75 - 82 | 86 - 93 | 81.5 |
| M | 83 - 90 | 94 - 100 | 82 |
| L | 91 - 97 | 101 - 108 | 82.5 |
| XL | 98 - 103 | 109 - 113 | 83 |
| XXL-3XL | 104 - 134 | 114 - 138 | 83.5 |
| Nota: medidas en centímetros (cm) | |||
| Talla | Cintura (A) | Cadera (B) | Tiro (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 26.5 - 29 | 31.5 - 34 | 31.8 |
| S | 29.5 - 32 | 34.5 - 37 | 32 |
| M | 32.5 - 35 | 37.5 - 40 | 32.2 |
| L | 35.5 - 38 | 40.5 - 43 | 32.4 |
| XL | 38.5 - 41 | 43.5 - 45 | 32.6 |
| XXL-3XL | 41.5 - 53 | 45.5 - 54 | 32.8 |
| Nota: medidas en pulgadas (in) | |||
Footwear
Measure your feet and use your measurements to determine your shoe size
| Size | Lenght | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 119 - 125 | ||
| 21 | 126 - 132 | ||
| 22 | 133 - 138 | ||
| 23 | 139 - 145 | ||
| 24 | 146 - 152 | ||
| 25 | 153 - 158 | ||
| 26 | 159 - 165 | ||
| 27 | 166 - 172 | ||
| 28 | 173 - 178 | ||
| 29 | 179 - 185 | ||
| 30 | 186 - 192 | ||
| 31 | 193 - 198 | ||
| 32 | 199 - 205 | ||
| 32.5 | 203 - 208 | ||
| 33 | 206 - 212 | ||
| 33.5 | 212 - 213 | ||
| 34 | 214 - 218 | ||
| 35 | 219 - 223 | ||
| 35.5 | 224 - 229 | ||
| 36 | 226 - 232 | ||
| 37 | 233 - 236 | ||
| 37.5 | 237 - 239 | ||
| 38 | 240 - 245 | ||
| 39 | 246 - 252 | ||
| 40 | 253 - 256 | ||
| 40.5 | 257 - 262 | ||
| 41 | 259 - 265 | ||
| 42 | 266 - 269 | ||
| 42.5 | 270 - 273 | ||
| 43 | 273 - 276 | ||
| 43.5 | 277 - 279 | ||
| 44 | 279 - 283 | ||
| 44.5 | 284 - 288 | ||
| 45 | 288 - 292 | ||
| 46 | 293 - 298 | ||
| 47 | 299 - 305 | ||
| 48 | 306 - 312 | ||
| 49 | 313 - 319 | ||
| 50 | 320 - 326 | ||
| Important: dimensions in milimetres (mm) | |||
| Size | Length | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 4,68 - 4,92 | ||
| 21 | 4,93 - 5,19 | ||
| 22 | 5,20 - 5,43 | ||
| 23 | 5,44 - 5,71 | ||
| 24 | 5,72 - 5,98 | ||
| 25 | 5,99 - 6,22 | ||
| 26 | 6,23 - 6,49 | ||
| 27 | 6,50 - 6,77 | ||
| 28 | 6,78 - 7,00 | ||
| 29 | 7,01 - 7,28 | ||
| 30 | 7,29 - 7,55 | ||
| 31 | 7,56 - 7,79 | ||
| 32 | 7,80 - 8,07 | ||
| 32.5 | 7,99 - 8,18 | ||
| 33 | 8,19 - 8,34 | ||
| 33.5 | 8,35 - 8,38 | ||
| 34 | 8,36 - 8,58 | ||
| 35 | 8,59 - 8,77 | ||
| 35.5 | 8,78 - 9,01 | ||
| 36 | 8,89 - 9,13 | ||
| 37 | 9,14 - 9,29 | ||
| 37.5 | 9,30 - 9,40 | ||
| 38 | 9,41 - 9,64 | ||
| 39 | 9,65 - 9,92 | ||
| 40 | 9,93 - 10,07 | ||
| 40.5 | 10,08 - 10,31 | ||
| 41 | 10,19 - 10,43 | ||
| 42 | 10,44 - 10,59 | ||
| 42.5 | 10,60 - 10,74 | ||
| 43 | 10,74 - 10,86 | ||
| 43.5 | 10,87 - 10,98 | ||
| 44 | 10,98 - 11,14 | ||
| 44.5 | 11,15 - 11,33 | ||
| 45 | 11,33 - 11,49 | ||
| 46 | 11,50 - 11,73 | ||
| 47 | 11,74 - 12 | ||
| Important: dimensions in inches(in) | |||
Upper part
- A Chest Measure around the narrowest part of your waist, keeping the tape horizontal
- B Waist Keeping both feet together, measure around the fullest part of your hips, keeping the tape horizontal
- C Hip Measure from the crotch to the bottom of the leg
| Talla | Pecho (A) | Cintura (B) | Cadera (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 76 - 82 | 61 - 68 | 86 - 90 |
| S | 83 - 89 | 69 - 73 | 91 - 95 |
| M | 90 - 94 | 74 - 78 | 96 - 100 |
| L | 95 - 98 | 79 - 82 | 101 - 104 |
| XL | 99 - 102 | 83 - 86 | 105 - 108 |
| XXL-3XL | 103 - 106 | 87 - 90 | 109 - 112 |
| Nota: medidas en centímetros (cm) | |||
| Talla | Pecho (A) | Cintura (B) | Cadera (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 30 - 32 | 24 - 26.5 | 33.5 - 35 |
| S | 32.5 - 35 | 27 - 28.5 | 35.5 - 37 |
| M | 35.5 - 37 | 29 - 30.5 | 37.5 - 39 |
| L | 37.5 - 38 | 31 - 32.5 | 39.5 - 41 |
| XL | 38.5 - 40 | 33 - 33.5 | 41.5 - 42.5 |
| XXL-3XL | 40.5 - 41.5 | 34 - 35.5 | 43 - 44 |
| Nota: medidas en pulgadas (in) | |||
Bottom
- A Waist Measure around the narrowest part of your waist, keeping the tape horizontal.
- B Hip Keeping both feet together, measure around the fullest part of your hips, keeping the tape horizontal.
- C leg kick Measure from the crotch to the bottom of the leg.
| Talla | Cintura (A) | Cadera (B) | Tiro (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 61 - 68 | 86 - 91 | 78 |
| S | 69 - 73 | 92 - 95 | 78.5 |
| M | 74 - 78 | 96 - 100 | 79 |
| L | 79 - 82 | 101 - 104 | 79.5 |
| XL | 83 - 86 | 105 - 108 | 80 |
| XXL-3XL | 87 - 90 | 109 - 112 | 80.5 |
| Nota: medidas en centímetros (cm) | |||
| Talla | Cintura (A) | Cadera (B) | Tiro (C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| XS | 24 - 26.5 | 33.5 - 35.5 | 30.7 |
| S | 27 - 28.5 | 36 - 37.5 | 30.9 |
| M | 29 - 30.5 | 38 - 39.5 | 31.1 |
| L | 31 - 32.4 | 40 - 41 | 31.3 |
| XL | 32.5 - 34 | 41.5 - 42.5 | 31.5 |
| XXL-3XL | 34.5 - 35.5 | 43 - 44 | 31.7 |
| Nota: medidas en pulgadas (in) | |||
Footwear
Measure your feet and use your measurements to determine your shoe size
| Size | Lenght | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 119 - 125 | ||
| 21 | 126 - 132 | ||
| 22 | 133 - 138 | ||
| 23 | 139 - 145 | ||
| 24 | 146 - 152 | ||
| 25 | 153 - 158 | ||
| 26 | 159 - 165 | ||
| 27 | 166 - 172 | ||
| 28 | 173 - 178 | ||
| 29 | 179 - 185 | ||
| 30 | 186 - 192 | ||
| 31 | 193 - 198 | ||
| 32 | 199 - 205 | ||
| 32.5 | 203 - 208 | ||
| 33 | 206 - 212 | ||
| 33.5 | 212 - 213 | ||
| 34 | 214 - 218 | ||
| 35 | 219 - 223 | ||
| 35.5 | 224 - 229 | ||
| 36 | 226 - 232 | ||
| 37 | 233 - 236 | ||
| 37.5 | 237 - 239 | ||
| 38 | 240 - 245 | ||
| 39 | 246 - 252 | ||
| 40 | 253 - 256 | ||
| 40.5 | 257 - 262 | ||
| 41 | 259 - 265 | ||
| 42 | 266 - 269 | ||
| 42.5 | 270 - 273 | ||
| 43 | 273 - 276 | ||
| 43.5 | 277 - 279 | ||
| 44 | 279 - 283 | ||
| 44.5 | 284 - 288 | ||
| 45 | 288 - 292 | ||
| 46 | 293 - 298 | ||
| 47 | 299 - 305 | ||
| 48 | 306 - 312 | ||
| 49 | 313 - 319 | ||
| 50 | 320 - 326 | ||
| Important: dimensions in milimetres (mm) | |||
| Size | Length | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 4,68 - 4,92 | ||
| 21 | 4,93 - 5,19 | ||
| 22 | 5,20 - 5,43 | ||
| 23 | 5,44 - 5,71 | ||
| 24 | 5,72 - 5,98 | ||
| 25 | 5,99 - 6,22 | ||
| 26 | 6,23 - 6,49 | ||
| 27 | 6,50 - 6,77 | ||
| 28 | 6,78 - 7,00 | ||
| 29 | 7,01 - 7,28 | ||
| 30 | 7,29 - 7,55 | ||
| 31 | 7,56 - 7,79 | ||
| 32 | 7,80 - 8,07 | ||
| 32.5 | 7,99 - 8,18 | ||
| 33 | 8,19 - 8,34 | ||
| 33.5 | 8,35 - 8,38 | ||
| 34 | 8,36 - 8,58 | ||
| 35 | 8,59 - 8,77 | ||
| 35.5 | 8,78 - 9,01 | ||
| 36 | 8,89 - 9,13 | ||
| 37 | 9,14 - 9,29 | ||
| 37.5 | 9,30 - 9,40 | ||
| 38 | 9,41 - 9,64 | ||
| 39 | 9,65 - 9,92 | ||
| 40 | 9,93 - 10,07 | ||
| 40.5 | 10,08 - 10,31 | ||
| 41 | 10,19 - 10,43 | ||
| 42 | 10,44 - 10,59 | ||
| 42.5 | 10,60 - 10,74 | ||
| 43 | 10,74 - 10,86 | ||
| 43.5 | 10,87 - 10,98 | ||
| 44 | 10,98 - 11,14 | ||
| 44.5 | 11,15 - 11,33 | ||
| 45 | 11,33 - 11,49 | ||
| 46 | 11,50 - 11,73 | ||
| 47 | 11,74 - 12 | ||
| Important: dimensions in inches(in) | |||
top and bottom
| Talla | Edad | Altura | Pecho | Cintura | Cadera | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6XS | 4 - 5 | 100 - 108 | 55 - 57 | 54 - 55 | 60 - 62 | |
| 5XS | 5 - 6 | 109 - 117 | 58 - 61 | 56 - 57 | 63 - 65 | |
| 4XS | 7 - 8 | 118 - 128 | 62 - 66 | 58 - 60 | 66 - 68 | |
| 3XS | 9 - 10 | 129 - 140 | 67 - 72 | 61 - 64 | 69 - 74 | |
| 2XS | 11 - 12 | 141 - 152 | 73 - 79 | 65 - 68 | 75 - 80 | |
| XS | 12 - 14 | 153 - 164 | 80 - 87 | 69 - 72 | 81 - 86 | |
| Nota: medidas en centímetros (cm) | ||||||
| Talla | Edad | Altura | Pecho | Cintura | Cadera | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6XS | 4 - 5 | 39 - 43 | 21.5 - 22.5 | 21 - 21.5 | 23.5 - 24.5 | |
| 5XS | 5 - 6 | 43.5 - 46 | 23 - 24 | 22 - 22.5 | 23.5 - 25 | |
| 4XS | 7 - 8 | 46.5 - 50 | 24.5 - 26 | 23 - 23.5 | 25.5 - 27 | |
| 3XS | 9 - 10 | 50.5 - 55 | 26.5 - 28.5 | 24 - 25 | 27.5 - 29 | |
| 2XS | 11 - 12 | 55.5 - 60 | 28.5 - 31 | 25.5 - 26 | 29.5 - 31 | |
| XS | 12 - 14 | 60.5 - 65 | 31.5 - 34 | 26.5 - 28 | 31.5 - 34 | |
| Nota: medidas en pulgadas (in) | ||||||
Footwear
Measure your feet and use your measurements to determine your shoe size
| Size | Lenght | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 119 - 125 | ||
| 21 | 126 - 132 | ||
| 22 | 133 - 138 | ||
| 23 | 139 - 145 | ||
| 24 | 146 - 152 | ||
| 25 | 153 - 158 | ||
| 26 | 159 - 165 | ||
| 27 | 166 - 172 | ||
| 28 | 173 - 178 | ||
| 29 | 179 - 185 | ||
| 30 | 186 - 192 | ||
| 31 | 193 - 198 | ||
| 32 | 199 - 205 | ||
| 32.5 | 203 - 208 | ||
| 33 | 206 - 212 | ||
| 33.5 | 212 - 213 | ||
| 34 | 214 - 218 | ||
| 35 | 219 - 223 | ||
| 35.5 | 224 - 229 | ||
| 36 | 226 - 232 | ||
| 37 | 233 - 236 | ||
| 37.5 | 237 - 239 | ||
| 38 | 240 - 245 | ||
| 39 | 246 - 252 | ||
| 40 | 253 - 256 | ||
| 40.5 | 257 - 262 | ||
| 41 | 259 - 265 | ||
| 42 | 266 - 269 | ||
| 42.5 | 270 - 273 | ||
| 43 | 273 - 276 | ||
| 43.5 | 277 - 279 | ||
| 44 | 279 - 283 | ||
| 44.5 | 284 - 288 | ||
| 45 | 288 - 292 | ||
| 46 | 293 - 298 | ||
| 47 | 299 - 305 | ||
| 48 | 306 - 312 | ||
| 49 | 313 - 319 | ||
| 50 | 320 - 326 | ||
| Important: dimensions in milimetres (mm) | |||
| Size | Length | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 4,68 - 4,92 | ||
| 21 | 4,93 - 5,19 | ||
| 22 | 5,20 - 5,43 | ||
| 23 | 5,44 - 5,71 | ||
| 24 | 5,72 - 5,98 | ||
| 25 | 5,99 - 6,22 | ||
| 26 | 6,23 - 6,49 | ||
| 27 | 6,50 - 6,77 | ||
| 28 | 6,78 - 7,00 | ||
| 29 | 7,01 - 7,28 | ||
| 30 | 7,29 - 7,55 | ||
| 31 | 7,56 - 7,79 | ||
| 32 | 7,80 - 8,07 | ||
| 32.5 | 7,99 - 8,18 | ||
| 33 | 8,19 - 8,34 | ||
| 33.5 | 8,35 - 8,38 | ||
| 34 | 8,36 - 8,58 | ||
| 35 | 8,59 - 8,77 | ||
| 35.5 | 8,78 - 9,01 | ||
| 36 | 8,89 - 9,13 | ||
| 37 | 9,14 - 9,29 | ||
| 37.5 | 9,30 - 9,40 | ||
| 38 | 9,41 - 9,64 | ||
| 39 | 9,65 - 9,92 | ||
| 40 | 9,93 - 10,07 | ||
| 40.5 | 10,08 - 10,31 | ||
| 41 | 10,19 - 10,43 | ||
| 42 | 10,44 - 10,59 | ||
| 42.5 | 10,60 - 10,74 | ||
| 43 | 10,74 - 10,86 | ||
| 43.5 | 10,87 - 10,98 | ||
| 44 | 10,98 - 11,14 | ||
| 44.5 | 11,15 - 11,33 | ||
| 45 | 11,33 - 11,49 | ||
| 46 | 11,50 - 11,73 | ||
| 47 | 11,74 - 12 | ||
| Important: dimensions in inches(in) | |||
HANDBALL BALL
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 57-59 cm | |||||
| 2 | 54-56 cm | |||||
| 1 | 50-52 cm | |||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
SOCCER BALL
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 68-70 | |||||
| 4 | 63,5-66,5 | |||||
| 3 | 58-60 | |||||
| 1 | 45-46 | |||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
FOOTBALL BALL
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62 | 62-64 cm | |||||
| 58 | 57-59 cm | |||||
| 1 | 45-46 cm | |||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
RUGBY BALL
| Size | Length | Perimeter | Circumference | Weight | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 28 - 29 cm | 75 ± 1 cm | 59 ± 1 cm | 440 ± 10 gm | ||
| 4 | 27 ± 1 cm | 70 ± 1 cm | 56 ± 1 cm | 360 - 390 gm | ||
| 3 | 25 ± 1 cm | 66 ± 1 cm | 53 ± 1 cm | 300 - 340 gm | ||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
VOLLEY BALL
| Size | Circumference | Weight | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 65-67 cm | 260-280 gm | ||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
GLOVES
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 11.6 | |||||
| 4 | 13.6 | |||||
| 5 | 15.6 | |||||
| 6 | 17.6 | |||||
| 7 | 19.6 | |||||
| 8 | 21.6 | |||||
| 9 | 24.7 | |||||
| 10 | 26.7 | |||||
| 11 | 29.2 | |||||
| 12 | 31.8 | |||||
| To select the correct size, measure around the hand at the knuckle level, excluding the thumb. | ||||||
| Please allow a slight difference due to manual measurement. | ||||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 4.6 | |||||
| 4 | 5.4 | |||||
| 5 | 6.1 | |||||
| 6 | 6.9 | |||||
| 7 | 7.75 | |||||
| 8 | 8.5 | |||||
| 9 | 9.5 | |||||
| 10 | 10.5 | |||||
| 11 | 11.5 | |||||
| 12 | 12.5 | |||||
| To select the correct size, measure around the hand at the knuckle level, excluding the thumb. | ||||||
| Please allow a slight difference due to manual measurement. | ||||||
| Important: dimensions in inches(in) | ||||||
RUGBY HELMET
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XXS | 50-52 | |||||
| M | 56-58 | |||||
| L | 58-60 | |||||
| To select the correct size, measure around the hand at the knuckle level, excluding the thumb. | ||||||
| Please allow a slight difference due to manual measurement. | ||||||
| Important: dimensions in centimetres (cm) | ||||||
| Size | Circumference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XXS | 20.5 | |||||
| M | 22.5 | |||||
| L | 23 | |||||
| To select the correct size, measure around the hand at the knuckle level, excluding the thumb. | ||||||
| Please allow a slight difference due to manual measurement. | ||||||
| Important: dimensions in inches(in) | ||||||
label.chooseSize
Shoes Open Men 25 Italian Tennis And Padel Federation unisex royal blue red
€ 113,64
Description
Padel shoes belonging to the FITP collection, designed for both tennis and padel practice. This model has been recently improved with the addition of a new midsole offering greater shock absorption, protection, and stability for the player. Tested by professional players like Juanlu Esbrí.
The upper is made of breathable mesh. This system includes small, strategically placed perforations that allow constant airflow, keeping feet cool and dry even during the most intense sessions. The JOMA SPORTECH heat-sealed system provides a comfortable fit without adding weight to the shoes.
Heat-sealed reinforcements are placed in areas most exposed to friction and impacts. These applications form the PROTECTION system, without compromising comfort or flexibility. The EXO COUNTER heel counter, located in the mid and rear part of the shoe, enhances stability and reduces the risk of twisting.
Double-density midsole: FOAM REACTIVE in the rear part for superior cushioning, and phylon in the forefoot for greater stability. This design not only ensures excellent support during lateral movements—essential in padel—but also boosts quick take-offs and sudden stops during changes of pace in the game. Omni outsole made of DURABILITY rubber, featuring small circular studs to enhance durability on hard surfaces. It allows smooth slides, helping players reach the ball faster.
Characteristics
- Breathable SPORTECH VTS cut
- Phylon midsole of different densities with FOAM REACTIVE
- DURABILITY rubber sole
- EXO counter buttress on the back
- PROTECTION reinforcement
Technical Information
- Performance: high premium
Technical Scale
-
Cushioning
-
Stability
-
Responsiveness
Shoes Open Men 25 Italian Tennis And Padel Federation unisex royal blue red
€ 113,64
label.chooseSize
Unisex padel shoes, exclusively designed for the new FITP collection, one of the most prestigious padel circuits. This model has been improved with the addition of a new midsole. It also features a breathable upper and heat-sealed reinforcements for greater comfort, along with an Omni outsole that provides maximum cushioning, stability, and grip.
label.chooseSize
Select size
label.chooseSize
Fast home delivery
Dual Reactive
Technology composed of double material of different density to achieve the perfect balance between cushioning, stability, and reactivity.
Durability
High-resistance rubber that delays wear due to abrasion.
Exo Counter
Outer counter that provides greater protection and improves stability.
Foam Reactive
Cushioning system developed with high-quality foam that provides comfortable cushioning, high energy return, and durability, which provide greater energy in each step.
Protection
Injected material that increases resistance and durability in the toe area.
Sportech
Injected rubber that prevents seams and other rigid materials on the upper part of the shoe. Providing lightness, comfort, greater flexibility and better fit to the foot. The thickness varies according to the protection and resistance needs of each area.
VTS
Ventilation system that allows air to enter, promotes perspiration, maintains a constant temperature, preventing the foot from overheating.
Unisex padel shoes, exclusively designed for the new FITP collection, one of the most prestigious padel circuits. This model has been improved with the addition of a new midsole. It also features a breathable upper and heat-sealed reinforcements for greater comfort, along with an Omni outsole that provides maximum cushioning, stability, and grip.